Tuesday, January 13, 2009

Extreme Racing

This document has been prepared in order to compare the different features of racing wheels. The Xtreme Customizing race car needs to be fitted with four lightweight racing wheels that are able to withstand the stress produced on and off the race track. During my reaserch I have come across many different products. These products all vary in size, weight, cost, strength and design according to the application. Throughout my reasearch, I have found that the metal alloy being used to make the wheel has a direct effect on these properties. I have taken this into consideration to help find the best product to suit our needs.

The main three types of material used in making racing wheels is aluminum, steel and chrome. Aluminum wheels are the lightest available on the market today and are resonably priced. This seems to be the reason for the gaining popularity of the aluminum alloy wheels among racing teams. The steel rims are a bit heavier, stronger and less expensive than the aluminum ones. These are usaully used in heavier applications such as drag racing where any other wheel would twist and bend under the stress. The heaviest and most expensive rims would have to be chrome based. Although there the heaviest and most expensive, they by far have the best finish, look and style. Many racers like these because they make the car stand out the most and are well respected by the fans. I believe because of our racing style and our vehicle of choice, it would be best to go with a lightweight aluminum racing wheel.

Another thing that should be considered is the spoke design. Each wheel may range from having anywhere from three to sixteen spokes. The spokes on a wheel help to transfer stess evenly throughout the part. It also helps to cool down the brakes by circulating the air flow through the tire to the brake pads. The fewer the spokes, the faster the cooling rate while on the track. Although choosing a wheel with very few spokes takes away from the strength of the wheel, so a medium must be reached. I believe that it would be safe and wise for us to choose a rim with seven or eight spokes. This will allow just enough air to keep the brakes cool without sacraficing alot of strength.

In the racing world the ideal rim would be one of very light weight and very high strength. Usaully to get one property you have to sacrifice the other. A very light weight rim will not have the high strength tolerence a heavy rim would and vice versa.

The rims that we require for the Xtreme Customizing Race Car do not have to be extremely strong because they’re to be mounted on a lightweight car. Although it must be able to handle the everyday stresses of racing. Motegi Racing says "our newly designed lightweight racing wheels are able to cope with the everyday stresses on and off the track". Many other companies also state there aluminum wheels to be the strongest and lightest among the competition.

I have reasearched a different variety of wheels and come to conclusion on which one will best suit our needs.

You can order a high-quality custom essay, term paper, research paper, thesis, dissertation, speech, book report or book review from our professional custom writing service. We have employed more than 500 highly qualified Ph.D. and Master's academic writers to provide students with professional academic writing help. Feel free to contact our company right now!

Office Automation and Software

In the fast paced world of today, anything that can make things easier or save someone time is a must have. We have four types of office automation and three group software programs that each have their own advantages and disadvantages.

The first type is unified messaging. We utilize the conveniences of e-mail and voice mail. The main advantage of e-mail is saving money on long distance phone calls. Our company saves thousands of dollars in long distance charges because most of the time an e-mail can get the same message across that phone calls used to. One disadvantage of e-mail is it takes a little bit longer to type a message than to just call someone. Also, messages sent through e-mail may sometimes get misunderstood. Tone of voice and body language can be an indicator to the meaning of a comment, without those, it is sometimes hard to understand the person’s message. When using e-mail we need to remember that the other person cannot see or hear our thoughts.
The second type of office automation we use is facsimile. One advantage to the facsimile is that it is a time saver. Instead of mailing documents and waiting days, we use faxes to send them immediately. The obvious disadvantage is that we can only fax a copy of a document and cannot send the original. We still need mail to send originals. Another disadvantage of faxes is the lack of confidentiality. Faxes can get intercepted on either end and leave a person skeptical about using fax for anything classified.

The third type of office automation is electronic filing. Since we use computers for the majority of our work here, we need a place to save it all. We have numerous drives to save our work in and each employee has their own file to save their work. The advantage of having our own files on the hard drive is space.

There is much more space available than on CDs or floppy disks. The disadvantage of saving our data on the different drives is not being able to access that work from home or on the road. I guess this could be looked at an advantage to some people who don’t want to work from home. We also still have floppy disks to save documents on. They do not get used very much because any computer we log on to we can access the hard drives. The disadvantages to floppy disks are the space. They cannot hold as much data as a hard drive. The advantage of floppy disks is that we can take them anywhere.
The final type of office automation is image processing. Copy machines are probably used more than any other office equipment. When it comes to our aircraft paperwork and logbooks, we do not use electronic. The FAA still requires paper logbooks therefore most paperwork is copied and copied some more. The huge advantage of having copy machines is that a duplicate can be made quickly. Many times we are in a hurry to get an aircraft out the door and do not have time to enter data into our Computerized Maintenance Program so I make copies of all of the paperwork and enter it at a later time. Without copy machines our printers would get much more use than what they were made to handle. The only disadvantages I can see with copy machines are if they are jammed or broken. Sometimes I spend too much time trying to get a machine to work and end up reprinting it. In that way, I guess copy machines can be a headache to people who rely on them in a pinch.

The first of the three group collaborative software programs that we have here is Lotus Notes. Lotus Notes is our e-mail and organization software program. Besides e-mailing others, we also use it to schedule appointments, keep track of “to do” items, and organize addresses and phone numbers. I use Lotus Notes religiously.

I rarely write anything down on a paper calendar because it is so much easier to schedule things in Lotus, which will eventually remind me of them. That is one advantage to using Lotus, another is having a central location for everything. I do not use a rolodex or have numbers scattered about, they are all in one place. A disadvantage to Lotus is that it runs on the “L” drive and if it is down so is our e-mail. We can always use our own accounts like Yahoo, etc. but for people that do not have any other e-mail, it can be a pain when it is down. The second group software program is our Intranet. Our Intranet can be accessed from any computer at any site. It gives our company a good way to communicate information across all our sites. A huge advantage of the Intranet is having one place to go to find information about the company. It is all right at our fingertips. The disadvantage of the Intranet is that it is the only place to find some information so if it is down, we are left out in the cold.

The final group software program we have is our CD-ROM server. I used to work in the library so this one is near and dear to me. The CD-ROM server is a program that lets everyone see the publications we hold on CD-ROM in our library. It runs on a remote desktop so each user that logs in is seeing the same icons and data. The disadvantage to that is anyone can go on and change the settings and believe me they do. The advantage to having our CD-ROMs on a server is that the mechanics can look at the pub they want without having to go to the library and check them out.

Those are the main office automation and software programs we have that I know about and use. I am sure there are others that different departments use that I don’t know about.

You can order a high-quality custom essay, term paper, research paper, thesis, dissertation, speech, book report or book review from our professional custom writing service. We have employed more than 500 highly qualified Ph.D. and Master's academic writers to provide students with professional academic writing help. Feel free to contact our company right now!

Monday, January 12, 2009

Mad Cow Disease

Have you ever found yourself at home watching television and the latest Wendy’s commercial comes on advertising their newest burger? Suddenly you find yourself thinking, “It sure would be nice to have that nice juicy burger.” Sure you have, and that is the entire point of the commercial. However, do you ever stop to think what the consequences could be in eating that burger? No one ever stops to think that they could possibly contract Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, the human form of the bovine ailment known as “mad cow” disease. This disease is not a great concern at this point in the United States, but it is sweeping across Europe at an alarming rate. Even though “madcow” disease was not considered a very threatening disease in the past, studies show that if not curbed, this disease has the capability to turn into an epidemic.

“Mad cow” disease, known as bovine spongiform encephalopathy, (BSE) is thought to be transmitted when cattle eat meat-based animal feed. This feed, meat and bone meal ground from the carcasses and entrails of cattle or sheep and then fed to the other cattle, is considered the most likely channel by which the disease spreads among herds. Scientists believe that it spreads to humans by the consumption of contaminated beef. It appears to be carried by a rogue protein called a “prion” not by a microbe, and therefore cannot be blocked by cooking beef thoroughly.

Many steps are being taken in Europe as an attempt to launch a Europe-wide strategy to stop mad-cow disease from spreading to humans. Many people have died from the human form of the disease in Britain and France, and many more have been infected. “Mad-cow disease is now moving from one member state to another,” EU Health Commissioner David Byrne said. “We should adopt an overall approach to address the risks so consumers can see what is done to protect their health” (Constant Brand, Herald Leader 2000). Therefore, bans of French beef imports as well as East European nations have been put into affect since the discovery of infected cows in France, and because scientists stumbled upon infected cattle in Germany and Spain.

What measures is Europe taking to eradicate the mad-cow situation? “Agriculture ministers from the 15-nation bloc were expected to approve the temporary fodder ban Monday along with other recommendations. Last week, they agreed in principle to more testing of cattle of 30 months and older,” (Constant Brand, Herald Leader 2000). Under this proposal, half a million cattle could be tested during the first six months of 2001. Thus, the EU will then review whether continued testing is needed. The European Commission also suggests that the “specified risk material” meaning brains, nerve tissues, and other animal parts be expanded to include the intestines of cattle of all age groups. These parts are thought to be key in the spread of mad-cow disease (BSE), or the human form Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

It is very simple to see why this disease is a universal alarm. The United States does a great deal of international trading. Therefore, this evidence of mad-cow disease could easily make its way to the United States and onto every kitchen table in America. Not only are cattle getting sick, people are dying due to this potential plague. Restaurants like Wendy’s loose mass profits due to scares like this, which also makes the economy suffer. These are only a few reasons why the United Nations should take every precaution necessary to eradicate this disease. Based upon the findings on this subject, I’ll think long and hard about the consequences in eating that juicy hamburger the next time a Wendy’s commercial comes on to tempt me.

You can order a high-quality custom essay, term paper, research paper, thesis, dissertation, speech, book report or book review from our professional custom writing service. We have employed more than 500 highly qualified Ph.D. and Master's academic writers to provide students with professional academic writing help. Feel free to contact our company right now!

Aerodynamics

Aerodynamics is the study of physics that examines the presence and effects of air or gases, especially when interacting with moving objects or living organisms. Aerodynamics are the forces that act on the surface of a body in motion moving through the air, or the pressure exerted by air flowing past a stationary object. Examples of airflow around bodies are: gas in engines and furnaces, air conditioning of buildings, vehicles, buildings and bridges, bird and insect flight, musical instruments, etc.

Air is viscous; viscosity is the ability of a flowing liquid or gas to resist the flow of objects going through it. In air, viscous forces are generally small in comparison with other inertia forces, which can cause instability and turbulence when objects move through them. This is why air close to the Earth’s surface is generally turbulent, as is the air near other bodies moving through air. The problem of turbulence has never been completely solved however, engineers can usually predict its affects and compensate for it.

The compressibility of air determines the speeds at which pressure changes are transmitted the flow field. The speed of sound is about 340 m/s at sea level, and 296 m/s in the stratosphere, the difference is due to air compressibility. If the speed of a body transcends the speed of sound, the pattern of airflow changes and pressure waves turn into shock waves. Mach speed is the number of the ratio between a body and the speed of sound. The design of efficient aircraft shapes for flight at speeds greater near or greater than Mach one is one of the most challenging problems in the field of aerodynamics.

Viscosity and compressibility are the most difficult factors to deal with in theoretical thermodynamics and the development of aerodynamics in this century has been possible only through using experimentation with theoretical aerodynamics. In order to test theories scientists use a wind tunnel, a tool used to study the effects of air, to test their theories.

Aerodynamics is applicable to more studies than those of aeronautics however; scientists use wind tunnels to study the affects of air pressure on new architectural designs, and to study the natural winds that flow over the Earth’s surface. Other places use aerodynamics to investigate things such as bird flight, pesticide and spray diffusion and distribution, and snow drifting. Other studies include aerodynamic forces on downhill skiers, cars, high-rise buildings, model ships and trains, a flexible stadium roof (sky dome), snowmobiles, motorcycles, parachutes, and so on.

You can order a high-quality custom essay, term paper, research paper, thesis, dissertation, speech, book report or book review from our professional custom writing service. We have employed more than 500 highly qualified Ph.D. and Master's academic writers to provide students with professional academic writing help. Feel free to contact our company right now!

Architecture

What a sad sight to see: a young boy in the house with nothing to do. After complaining of boredom, his mom urges him to do something out of the house for once. She raids his bedroom closet, unravels the pile of dirty clothes, and finds a glistening package with the words “Do Dad Sketch Pad” through the translucent plastic wrapping. It looked familiar to her, then she snapped her fingers and remembered exactly where it came from. It was the art set that she had bought for him for his tenth birthday. Now boredom could no longer be an excuse for the young boy. Proudly and swiftly, his mom drug him across the house by the ear and gave him a push out the front door while slapping the sketchpad and charcoal into his chest.

The boy is stunned. A few minutes pass as the boy adjusts to this somewhat foreign environment. He takes a few steps back toward the front door when he stopped to hear a chirping sound close by. Although never being interested in the simple sounds of the outdoors, he began to notice the lively atmosphere around him. He becomes intensely interested in the unseen source of the recurring noise. He creeps toward the dense forest where the sounds origins lie. As he inches toward the periphery of the woods, his neck bends further backward as he gazes up at the large sentinels that stood guard. He crosses the threshold of the initial gate-like line of trees and continues walking deeper into the forest. Every other step he would turn around to catch a glimpse of his house, which seemed to comfort him knowing home was near. The sounds are getting louder and he is getting more anxious with every step. The boy turned around once again to make sure his house was still in sight, but his heart began to pound when he could not see the through the dense brush and vegetation. However, he receives a burst of confidence and continues on deeper until he finds a comfortable rock to rest upon. It was a spot where the sunlight found a way onto the forest floor. A patch of flowers nestled together between the roots of the redwoods which tower above him. The boy notices the mathematical symmetry that lies within the flowers as he examines their evenly spaced petals. He picks and places a small, yellow flower onto the top of a blank sheet in his sketchpad and explores the joy that it brings. Using the charcoal, he slowly forms the contour of the delicate flower before his eyes. He forgets that he is alone in the dense forest, for he finds comfort in the natural benevolence that he is encompassed by. His newfound passion for drawing is suddenly interrupted by the same chirping sound that lured him to that very spot. He looks above in attempts to trace the hidden sound. He finds it in the midst of the treetops. He keen eyesight fixates on the birds actions, as it works diligently constructing a nest. The boy was amazed at the intricate design in which the bird wove, and begins to capture the actions on paper.

The boy had an idea, one that would bring his new friend closer to his house. He flipped to the next blank page in the sketchbook. He began making his own intricate design, one that combined the comforting look of his own house, yet maintaining the intricacy of the bird’s nest. He ran home to show his mom the product of his venture into the natural world in which she urged him to explore. His mother was absolutely amazed at his work.

Art combined with structural design is absolute beauty for me. I have always seen the mathematical much passion for the coming together of science and the art that is found in nature. For beautiful structures that are found in a natural setting Such as Skyscrapers that seem to shatter the laws of physics are so breathtaking to me, for they have this same combination of art and structure. Creations such as the World Trade Center and the Sears Tower which can be seen above all the surrounding structures makes them kings of our great cities, resembling the medley of art and the mastery of structural design. The glass windows that encompass the whole building almost resemble an ornament made out of blown glass. The shear size gives them a rare elegance and makes them profound pieces of art as well. Buildings like these are structural wonders that have changed the structural world forever.

Growing up with a deep love for art, I would perceive things differently than others. I saw trees as strong sentinels always on guard as landscapes would come alive. Things of nature awed me. I was always walking around as I sized-up everything in sight like an artistic critic at the Julliard School of Art. Nature is a mathematical wonderland filled with symmetry and perfect design. With evolution being its creator, the natural world has gradually changed and adapted to the tendencies of the environment. A spider web has the precision and strength, and is made of the most effective material to withstand the rigors of the environment. Not only does it have the physical perfection that evolution has sculpted throughout the existence of the spider, but it also contains the symmetrical beauty that attracts artists from around the world. Evolution has a strong mathematical tendency, and it brings joy to me to witness such beauty.

My experiences in art grew as an adolescent. I was always good at taking images and thoughts from my brain and accurately and precisely translating them into art. Art class in school has always been the highlight of my schooldays, for it is somewhere for my imagination to run wild and be creative. With every art teacher I had, they quickly realized my natural talent, but it wasn’t until high school that my talent was truly exercised. Sculpture class for three years in high school was beneficial to me in many ways. It was a relaxation course that took my mind off of my other more strenuous classes. My creativity inclination expanded and it has helped me to develop into an exceptional student artist while I became very good with my hands. My teacher trained me how to “think” artistically and how to attract the eye with various methods. I worked with all types of materials and studied many different artists’ work. While in sculpture class, I had created many structurally and artistically magnificent pieces.

I have a natural feel for physics, and was born with the ability to sense a structure’s aptitude and strength. My mastery of every sport I have played and my good hands is an example of this. My liking and skill in physics turned into a training process in high school as well as art when I took the course in my junior year. The following year as a senior I took the advanced placement physics course to further my knowledge of the field. I learned how motion is calculated and about all the physical forces that I somehow always knew about since I was young. For a class project I constructed a bridge made out of balsa wood and model glue that held the maximum resistance that could be tested. A week later, a laboratory physicist found it to hold a maximum weight of four hundred pounds. Now, I consider myself a highly knowledgeable physicist for my age group.
My math skills were exceptional from the very beginning of my educational tract and have gone as far as conquering the complex concepts of calculus. This skill is incorporated into and greatly coincides with my other skills previously mentioned. I think logically as if I am constantly solving a math problem in my mind, and I have a very orderly manner of thinking. This also affects my organization, for I am extremely meticulous and orderly in my doings. I see that mathematics is not only greatly demonstrated in nature, but it is a significant part of my life as well.
With college approaching, I have been researching possible future career paths. I have been told that one’s love in his job is the most important aspect of all, and one should choose a job that corresponds to his skills and talents. There are certain jobs that fit my skills and interests. However, the job that best fits my talents is architecture. After extensive research on this career path, I have learned many aspects about the subject.

“Architecture is one of the most influential professions in today’s society. As an architect, you would have the responsibility to shape the environments in which people spend their daily lives.” Architecture reflects the society that builds it, but it also affects the way that society develops. There is a need for people with the imagination to create buildings and cities our society needs to keep pace with its evolution. Therefore, there is a high demand for architects as society grows.
Simply enough, architects have to make drawings. They create all aspects of the built environment. An architect must build structures that can withstand the forces of nature and that must be sturdy to ensure safety. An architect must be exceptional at mathematics to undertake daily designing tasks. Most of all, natural talent in artistic creativity is a must in this job. One must obtain a degree in architecture to perform all of the necessary tasks required in the job. An architectural education equips people with the talents to enter a broad range of careers.

The educational process of architecture is a long and grieving one. In high school, a prospective student should take challenging courses such as physics and calculus to prepare for the engineering side of the college education. Architectural colleges generally have a separate atmosphere from the rest of the school. Before going to an architectural college, one must realize the intensity of the work, and one must be entirely dedicated to this field of study in order to be successful. “The lights never go out in a school of architecture.” Most often, a student of a school of architecture will go on a five-year tract in college. The first two years will be spent completing general education requirements, which is basically the same as many other students in different majors. Although there are some art and 3-dimensional designing courses that are taken in these first couple of years with a great emphasis on free-hand drawing skills; the student will not begin the study of actual structures until his or her junior year. These studies progress for the remaining years at the architectural school, but in the fourth year one will generally begin working on projects using CAD technology. Technical writing is also taken in these years that is the style of language that is commonly used in the work force. Universal code training is another subject of learning for the students, which may vary from state to state. After one graduates from an architectural college, there is still more training necessary to ensure quality and success.

There is a minimum requirement of three years professional practice in an architect’s office or equivalent. The student will be an apprentice to his or her mentor in this stage, and will learn all the tasks done by a working architect through one-on-one training and cooperative projects. Once this stage is completed, the student can then take the state architectural exam to be able to work independently on his or her own. Therefore, an architect must become NAAV accredited. The test is eight hours in length, and tests everything that one should know to practice in that state. This test is a giant step for the student, who may walk out of the testing center an official architect.
After years of experience on the job, an architect can be eligible to practice in more than one state. To practice from state to state, an architect must take an exam with the NCARB. One has to keep in mind the different environmental and building codes that vary from state to state. Certain states have more requirements than others, mainly due to differences in environments, landscapes, and natural disaster compensation. The education and testing fully prepares the student in becoming a successful architect.

For most architects, the job is not solely confined to designing and making drawings. For many, the job is multi-faceted and cooperative. Besides drawing, architects perform many tasks throughout the workweek such as searching for projects, interviewing for jobs, surveying land, having meetings to discuss ideas, and writing technical reports. Detail is everything in an architect’s job, and relaying the ideas to coworkers and clients is even more important. People skills are a must for this job, for it is most often a collaborative effort on projects. A managerial architect is always making the balance between the number of workers on one project, and the speed at which the project must be completed. Quality is often sacrificed with the higher worker loads on one project; however, time is always spared. The job atmosphere is very professional, and the dress is still formal abroad.

The designing of structures has changed drastically in the last decade due to advancement in technology. For thousands of years, designers and architects used only free-hand drawing skills on parchment or paper before the actual construction took place. In 1989, CAD (Computer Aided Drawing) was created in conjunction with the newfound computer age. In the first years of its development, the software was not beneficial over most architects’ free-hand drawing skills, for the technology was too slow and too unnatural for its users. However, in recent years, the software has become good enough and the computer processors have become fast enough to allow this CAD technology to actually outdo regular drawing methods. Now the designing process is faster, more precise, color coded, more professional, and simply easier than the old way. There is no telling how far the technology will improve, and how much time and energy will be saved in the process.

There are many different branches of architecture. Conservation is the restoration of old, out-of-date, and usually historical buildings. There is domestic architecture, which is mainly the designing of new homes and apartment complexes. The most price worthy projects are within the major cities in the skyscrapers. Transportation architects design roads and highway systems. Naval architecture is the designing of naval ships. Landscape architecture is the reshaping of land for a desired effect such as a golf course. The list goes on and on.

Many jobs fit the major natural talents and learned skills that I have. Engineering is a field that works with logical reasoning, mathematics and physics. Efficiency is the utmost goal for an engineer. Architects must know certain fields of engineering and physics to design strong buildings and structures. An interior designer uses his or her artistic talents to make a living space or workplace comfortable and appropriate for the environment that it resides in. They use color schemes, light variations, and creative artistic ability to accomplish this job; however, there is no serious physical structural designing skills required. Construction workers and builders work with their hands constantly to build structures that are designed by an architect, but there is little creativity involved in a construction worker’s job. An architect obtains all the skills necessary in designing structures that I have.

Although architecture seems very challenging and time consuming, the rewards are unmistakable. A good architect can combine structural and physical knowledge with artistic creativity to create structures for society. An architect is talented and skilled in various areas. This would be a great responsibility for society, and an honor to do. Although I have very little experience in the technological area, I based my choice more on my mathematical interests. There will always be a need for architects as long as society continues to burgeon. This everlasting demand for architects is a promising feature in the work force today, especially since the signs of a slowing economy and increasing unemployment rates. Therefore, I will be pursuing a degree in architecture in college. My profound interests in mathematics, art, building, physics, designing, creativity, and a fulfilling sense of purpose are all fruits of architecture, which are carried out on the natural landscape that I love so much. In college, I will learn the knowledge and skills to be an architect, a job I was seemingly destined to do. Only then can I take all the skills and knowledge and passion for the field of architecture that I have to give back to the community which has so richly taken care of me.

You can order a high-quality custom essay, term paper, research paper, thesis, dissertation, speech, book report or book review from our professional custom writing service. We have employed more than 500 highly qualified Ph.D. and Master's academic writers to provide students with professional academic writing help. Feel free to contact our company right now!

Sunday, January 11, 2009

Japanese Economy

How has Japan fared with it’s economies booms and slumps? This investigation is based on stage 4 unit 1 of the Business and Economics A-level course, “What happens in booms and slumps?”. The unit focuses how people and businesses are affected by booms and slumps, why they continuously appear and the governments role in helping to control these two events. The investigation will therefore focus on Japan and the way booms and slumps affect the Japanese businesses and people. To determine this the investigation will focus on Japanese economic growth, inflation, unemployment rates, trade and Government economic policies. It is true that in a boom there are large amounts of trade. High demand, high GDP, low unemployment and high inflation (more spending). In a slump the opposite is true. "Recession - High Unemployment, low wages, low demand џHigh Inflation - More spending, higher demand, higher prices, higher costs of production. "Low Inflation - Less spending, low demand, low costs of production. "Downward Multiplier Effect - This occurs when there is too much demand. Then when there is a slump a deficit occurs because of the surplus that might have occurred in the boom. It is difficult to begin to analyse the Japanese economy since the information about it is very mixed. On one hand we have the news that Japan is coming out of a recession and in the other that Japan is going into one. The information released by the government assures us that Japan is improving its economic stability, while the media and world banks tell the opposite story.The Bank Of Japan is looking to ease its monetary policy (control of interest rates to control bank lending) and to fight the deflation by creating inflation. While on the other side we are being told that the unemployment rate is easing from an unprecedented 5.0% to 4.5%. So which one is true. It is true that Japanese economy has improved, it has come out of it’s recession but it still faces several problems that may keep it from expanding, these are: "Consumer demand is still weak - Between the years 1989 and 1998 household savings have decreased from 7.6% to 7.1 per cent. This means people have started spending more but still in low quantities. џUnemployment in Japan is at around 4.9%. - Although temporary workers and one day contract workers have increased full time employees have been laid off more. "Corporations continue to restructure themselves. - The Japanese are adopting a more American industry. The relationship between workers and employers and the management is changing. This change is also a factor to the improvement of the economy. So what exactly pulled Japan out of its recession. One of the major factors is the low interest rate (montary policy) that encouraged people to save less and spend more thereby creating demand. By creating demand they initiated the circular flow of income. What this means is that households had more money which they spent on products and because there was demand once again the factories started producing, this led to the need for workers and the workers were paid wages which could then be spent. The other reason is major Government intervention, through fiscal policy. Although this large spending by the government to create aggregate demand to keep the economy alive worked, it has increased the countries national debt which has to be paid off and not only that but this active implementation of fiscal policy has created a fiscal deficit. So far the damage created by the fiscal deficit has been non-existent but because of the increased debt public spending may later become strained especially if interest rates increase and people stop spending money once again. Then where will the government get the money from. This fiscal policy can serve also as a mask over the economy because it is hard to estimate in how much trouble it really is if artificial demand is created. The government has spent $1 trillion US on their “stimulus” budget and $500 billion to help sustain their banking system. Apart from the government intervention the recession has caused the Japanese to rethink their whole management structure. This now means instead of the rest of Europe trying to model themselves on Japan, Japan has started to model itself on the Western way of running a company. More specifically the American way. One of these tactics is restructuring where the “social contract” between companies and their employees has been revamped. So out goes the loyalty and hard work from the workers and the employers no longer offer life long jobs. This in turn has the effect on households to rethink their financing. Because jobs are easier to gain or loose money is much more carefully managed. The effect is drastic, even peoples holiday locations and benefits are affected by this change. Like with most economies it was true with Japan when they went into their recession their imports became low and their exports increased. This is because of the recession it became cheaper for other countries to purchase from Japan and it became more expensive for Japan to purchase from abroad, the yen was very weak. Now that they are breaking out of their recession their trade, their imports and exports have increased (although it is more common for exports to decrease) with Asia. They are trading far more in IT equipment which may prove to be their saviour, their trade with China has also increased in textiles products. Japan took some very strong and drastic spending to recover its economy which has caused them a fiscal deficit, The Government has relied far too heavily on their fiscal policy which helped them out now but what about later. And although they did use monetary policy (lowering interest rates) to increase spending it had little effect. Their companies are going through a major “reconstruction” which will affect their “fixed expenses” and affect the unemployment for the worse in the short term. In Japans case government intervention has had a positive effect and without it the economy would have certainly gone in a major slump but in the end the government is not powerful enough to sustain the economy by itself, it needs help. This help should come in the form of the businesses that make up the economy. It is a good thing that the Japanese firms are looking outside of what they know because it can only lead to improvement. A mixed economy is a right economy.

You can order a high-quality custom essay, term paper, research paper, thesis, dissertation, speech, book report or book review from our professional custom writing service. We have employed more than 500 highly qualified Ph.D. and Master's academic writers to provide students with professional academic writing help. Feel free to contact our company right now!

The Importance of Organizational Behavior

The importance of organizational behavior (OB) in today’s corporate world is akin to having standard operating procedures (SOP). During this paper, I will attempt to convey why my chosen sub-topics are important for organizational behavior, and how they essentially add to the success of an organization. My sub-topics include motivation, work performance, equal opportunity, career advancement, quality of work, and job satisfaction.

Motivation:
In a professional setting, it is imperative that a leader is capable of motivating his/her employees, primarily by example. First and foremost, the leader of the pack has to be self-motivating. When one possesses the ability to be self-motivated, it makes it a lot easier to extend themselves to motivate others. Most people believe that if a person is old enough to enter the professional field, that people should be able to motivate themselves. Douglas McGregor states; “people enjoy work, have untapped stores of creativity, intelligence and imagination, are relatively self-directed and do not rely solely on extrinsic rewards or punishment” (Douglas Mcgregor, Theory Y). Douglas also contradicts himself with theory X which states; “people do not like work, require constant supervision, do not thrive on challenges and will slack off as much as possible” (Douglas McGregor, Theory X). Although Douglas puts forth a good argument, both theories completely contradict each other. There is a lot of truth to what he says about people and their ability to work or motivate him/herself but this is the main reason why it is important to have a person with leadership qualities to oversee a department. It becomes a huge problem when a leader of a department is lazy and has no aspirations. The difficulty level for such managers constantly stays high because of the lack leadership qualities. Nowadays when you go to apply for employment, there is usually a question asking whether or not you possess any managerial experience. The reason for this is because; companies these days are look for people with leadership ability as well as the required educational background. It begs the question to say that not every educated or experienced worker possesses leadership skills.
When a workplace is spear headed by a person who is well motivated, it shows in the quality of work and also the success of the company. It is very important for the leader of the pack to come in each morning to get things started in the work place. The person has to be on time and set better examples for his/her employees to follow. When this happens, it hopefully becomes a chain reaction. Everyone involved in that workforce will automatically assimilate towards what the rest are doing. No one ever wants to be the outcast so when things are done in certain way, even the most unmotivated employee will find it difficult not to conform to the rest of the group. A well-rounded leader is a vital key in having a successful workplace.

Work Performance:
In a workplace, the performance and productivity of the workers is also very important. If the business is to be successful, it will start (and end) with the work of the employees. The leader of the workplace has to makes sure all employees are doing efficient work. A way to ensure excellent work performance is make the employees feel as though they are there for a purpose and not just to pick up a paycheck. When employees start to feel that they are just there to pick up a paycheck at the end of the week, without finding some kind of meaning and value in their work, the quality of work starts take a downward spiral. The leader has to be able to convince his/her employees that the workplace is their second home and that they are apart of something special. Work performance and job satisfaction have a common bond in that, if one aspect is lacking, it causes the other do the same. Workers will often work harder if they know that they are valued and are part of something meaningful. Some might say that it is unprofessional, and that the workplace is no place for “feelings” and that a worker should want to do his/her without having to be emotionally coddled. History however, has thought us that people generally respond better to an environment where their emotional well-being is nurtured. I sincerely believe in the concept of reward for a good work performance. Work performance is very vital to the success of an organization. It is solely left up to the leader to make this happen and capable leader should be able to accomplish this feat without exactly having to “baby” his/her employees.

Career Advancements:
Establishing the right career processes for career advancement is an important tool in achieving the right kind of OB because it makes a huge difference when it comes to retaining your workers. It is essential to give the employees something to look forward to, not so much as a reward but more as an acknowledgement for their hard work as well as a job done well. The employees have to have something to work for and this is when the issue of work performance comes into play. There has to be some tangible incentive for good job performance other than personal pride. In an age of ever decreasing benefits for employees, the powers that be need to realize that their bottom line (profits) cannot and will not be possible without their employees. Businesses should take notice and provide employees with what they need and in turn, employees will provide employers with the service they require.

Job Satisfaction:
The one thing that all companies worry about is whether or not their employees are happy. Happy employees make happy workers. The single most detrimental force to a company is employee dissatisfaction. It behooves a company to establish a way of assessing employee satisfaction. Once the leader of the specific workplace has gotten his/her employees to be satisfied with responsibilities, and compensation the rest will follow. As mentioned earlier in the paper, there is direct correlation between work performance and job satisfaction. One of the biggest challenges facing some companies today is employee retention rate. In short these companies have become revolving doors where employees come in and leave just as fast. What starts to happen is that these companies become desperate and start hiring less than adequate talent. The end result is usually a company primed for falling or a take over. It is essential that your employees are satisfied with jobs, anything less results in their pursuit of other opportunities. I find that regardless of the monetary situation, if the employees are unhappy in the work place, job satisfaction fails exist. It is those intangible in-betweens that employers must pay attention to.

Communication:
Communication is very important to the success of an organization. Everything starts with effective communication. This applies to businesses as well. A leader has to be able to communicate effectively with his/her employees. Most activities begin with communication and when there is lack of effective communication, things fall apart. The ugly monster of doubt a speculation rears its ugly head. Communication constitutes keeping employees informed of what is going on behind the scenes as well as taking the time to listen. As previously stated, employees generally respond to an emotionally nurturing environment. The age of the “no-nonsense leaders” has past its time. It is time managers realize they are dealing with humans and not machines. Organizational behavior therefore becomes the very culture on which a company is run. It makes a huge difference in the operation of businesses to have a good organizational behavior in place. In short, organizational behavior is essential to businesses and in its absence, chaos rules.

You can order a high-quality custom essay, term paper, research paper, thesis, dissertation, speech, book report or book review from our professional custom writing service. We have employed more than 500 highly qualified Ph.D. and Master's academic writers to provide students with professional academic writing help. Feel free to contact our company right now!