I think that genetic engineering should continue being studied for various reasons. Genetic engineering is the alteration of genes and DNA in living organisms by scientists. DNA can now be added to animals, or plants with the technology that we have today.(1) it all started with Gregor Mendel. He is known for his famous pea plant experiment, which was the starting point of selective breeding. Selective breeding is when you breed a specific plant, animal, etc… because of its superior qualities when compared to its species.(5) For example, you could mate two German shepherds. One could be strong and fast, while the other dog was reliable and smart. The end result (the puppies) would have all of the positive traits of both of its parents if the traits were homozygous and dominate. This is just one easy example of what genetic engineering can do. Everyday new information is being discovered about genetic engineering, and there is still much more information that is unknown.(5)
Genetic engineering is a very broad topic that needs to be looked into further so that everyone can discover all the numerous benefits. Scientists have only been able to learn about a few of the thousands of genes that they have found. There are eight genes that have been found in around 30 different organs showing that cells have many different types of genes that do specific activities. Approximately 90,000 genes have been identified since the first experiment, but most of their uses are still a mystery. There are 2,500 known genes that are used for the formation of the eye. Each gene’s function is unknown. With the little information that scientist have gained they can keep making new discoveries. 80- 100,000 genes discovered in humans are being thoroughly studied as we speak for every aspect that can be understood about them. All of the new discoveries are starting to challenge some of the other known information about cells, genes, chromosomes, etc… With the knowledge gained from continuing genetic engineering and all of the opportunities that have been discovered, it would be considered wasting all of the information found if scientists were encouraged to stop. Everything that is being learned is opening new and exciting unknown information that can allow the continuation of gene research for many decades. If scientists had not continued studying space, then all the planets, stars, galaxies, etc., would still be unknown. Most of the research being done now is thought to be new and complicated. In a few years gene splicing, selective replanting, and cloning could be as simple and normal as determining the pH level of different chemicals. I think that it is extremely important to learn everything that you can possible learn about genetic engineering.(3)
There are many different methods used when it comes to genetic engineering. Everyday more information is being discovered, so new methods are being created. Currently there are three main methods used when adding DNA or other genetic materials to living things. They are identified as plasmid, biolistic, and vector. Each is used for a specific task. Plasmid is the process of combining certain DNA with the DNA of bacteria by using restrictive enzymes. After the DNA is absorbed or connected with in the bacteria’s DNA, the bacteria can then be placed in the desired organism, so the genetic material can be added. Biolistic method or bioballistic method is very useful and efficient. A piece of metal (like tungsten) is coated with the genetic material that is wanted to be added. It is then shot out of something that resembles a shotgun that is aimed at specific cells. The cells that are hit by the metal sliver are now connected, and replicate the genetic material as if nothing happened. The vector method is very similar to the plasmid method. Instead of using bacteria, it uses viral vectors. The viral vectors transmit the genetic material or DNA into the area wanting to be changed. This method is reliable because viral vectors transfer the needed material from one cell to another using a kind of virus.(1 and 5) After the DNA is implemented, it replicates the information as if it had always been there. All three of these methods are very useful and extremely important to genetic engineering. (5)
With all the advancements that are being made, scientists have discovered numerous uses for genetic engineering. In order to find out the uses of genetic engineering, they had to first study, locate, determine the function, and characterize each gene needed.(4) By using the information gained while doing everything required, scientist discovered a way to treat certain types of dwarfism. They also learned how to increase milk production by transferring a specific bacteria to the cow’s stomach. There are now several different types of lab-grown bacteria that are used to produce human genetic material.(6) Scientists first started testing genetic engineering on plants and animals. Genetically modified plants (GM) have not yet been able to be tested to see if it is equivalent to our natural food because of its chemical make up and the lack of knowledge of what is known as acceptable food. After undergoing several tests, they found that GM may be able to discourage food born pathogens. When scientists began changing the plants’ genetic material there motives were to enhance the production and cultivation of particular plants. Until there is a standard made for the quality of food, GM food is considered different, but not unhealthy or dangerous from our normal food. (3) In 1982 scientists made copies of human insulin and used them to help treat diabetes patients.(6) When scientists find what genes cause certain disease, they will be able to change them and possible prevent them. Scientists can change any living organism due to genetic engineering. There are already several different uses for genetic engineering that benefit us. If we keep studying more uses are going to be discovered.(2 and 3)
Of course when you are dealing with altering living organisms there can be many pros and cons that come along with it. There can be many changes made to genes that will decrease the chances of medical problems, such as CMT and scoliosis. Food may soon be created with more nutrient and at a cheaper cost. Genetically modified food may also prevent diseases with in the food. In a few years we might be able to change the physical appearance of unborn children.(3) But when we are given the power to change things, we also must think of how it is affecting everything else. Changing our natural growing plants may cause new genetic problems to occur in humans and animals. Some plants may have unexpected defects. (3) Trying to correct diseases in genes may cause worse effects or not affect the diseases at all. While changing certain imperfections scientist can harm other genes in the process.(2) Even though genetic engineering is unsure of its outcomes, it does present information that has been able to help a lot people.(6) I think that scientists will be able to modify and perfect animals, plants, and humans with out problems if they think of all the possible outcomes, and ways to prevent them. By taking the right precautions genetic engineering can be a very important part of our future.
I think that genetic engineering should continue to be studied for various reasons. There are several unwanted results that could occur, but the possibilities and uses that can come from genetic engineering are much more important. (3) No one will know exactly what was stumbled upon when it was first discovered until every fact is known from every gene.(5) If scientists are pushed away from studying genetic engineering humans will never know what they could be missing. When something new is discovered you can’t just stop learning about it. We wouldn’t know anything about chemicals and atoms if scientists decided to stop testing because they thought that they had learned all that was there. The unknown uses, the possible important information, and knowledge that can be gained from genetic engineering shows that continuing to study it is essential.(3 and 6) There is no reason to stop researching of any new discoveries. Genetic engineering is the technology of the future, and we need to know as much as we can as soon as we can.
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Saturday, March 7, 2009
Euthanasia
Euthanasia raises many questions in morality, medical ethics and the law. There is an ongoing struggle to make euthanasia legal. Advancement in technology has also contributed to the debate of euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide. Bloyd describes euthanasia as meaning "good or happy death." It involves allowing or helping a terminally ill person to die, for the sake of relief from suffering (15). Supporters of voluntary euthanasia argue that it is all right to help someone end his or her life, as long as that person has a good reason for doing it. However, other people think that it is wrong to legally kill and take away an innocent life.
According to Faye Girsh, the Hemlock Society and the majority of polled Americans believe that providing physician-assisted dying to a terminally patient who requests it, is a humane and compassionate option that should be legalized. She points out that it will be "cruel, even barbaric to make a suffering person, whose death is inevitable, live longer than he or she wishes." As part of their job, doctors are there to help all patients in any possible way. In the case with the terminally ill, only physicians can prescribe some medication to help with suffering, and in doing so, fulfil certain patients' wishes. A physician may also aid in the dying process, when prescribed substances cannot control suffering. The patient would also have a better state of mind, knowing that they have options when the pain becomes unbearable, instead of having "the anxiety of not knowing how much longer one would have to suffer and watch the family suffer," which also adds to the burden of the illness (69-76; ch. 2). With added stress and worrying about when the final day will come, a person may get more sick, and develop unnecessary symptoms. Kohl and Kurtz believe that "society has no genuine interest or need to preserve the terminally ill against their will and that the right to beneficent euthanasia, with proper procedural safeguards, can be protected against abuse (236).
On the other hand, many people believe that Euthanasia should not be legalized, for it will harm the society. Instead of terminally ill patients having a "right to die," they will see their illness as a burden to family members, which leads to their "duty to die" (Torr 72). As a result of euthanasia becoming legal, there would be many deaths of people who want to die, and even those who do not, but they were just told by the physician or a family member that that is the best available option. Not only would one individual be affected, but the society as a whole, because people may choose euthanasia even if they are not terminally ill, but instead have depression or some curable disease. In such a case, those are the people that need hospice care (where someone is on call for the patient at all times), not euthanasia, or an easy way out to committing suicide.
In many countries, Euthanasia is legal and accepted. Some of these countries include the Netherlands, Switzerland, Germany, Uruguay and Norway. Holland's policy may work for that country, but it may not be successful if applied to the United States. For the United States, the "New Oregon Death with Dignity Act" was passed in 1994, marking just a beginning. Derek Humphry argues that euthanasia is justifiable and ethical. A person should not be allowed to suffer if he or she does not want to. In the later days of the illness, a person may be given so much drugs to ease the pain that they loose consciousness, but their "quality of life" lowers, affecting loved ones around them (17-22; ch. 1). John Shelby Spong believes that, "We are aware that life can today be prolonged by managing pain with pain-killing drugs, but that relief is sometimes achieved at the price of the destruction of the patient's mind of the loss of the patient's capacity to relate to other human beings in a meaningful way." Every person has their individual rights, so they should also be granted that right of choosing their death, under the right state of mind (41, 44; ch. 1). Due to the advancement of medical technology, Spong also thinks that euthanasia does not violate Christian and other religious beliefs. Although the church could have taken a firm position on the topic in the past, the present brings about new changes and views. Due to the advances of modern medicine, God cannot only control death (The Ethics Of Euthanasia 30-34).
Although individuals may have the right to make decisions concerning the welfare of their lives, they had no control over their birth, therefore their death is not up to them. Based on Judea-Christians beliefs, one of the fundamental values includes not killing or taking the life of someone else, even voluntarily (Meilaender 31-33). Among the traditions that oppose euthanasia, the three main ones are Judaism, Roman Catholicism and Protestant (Childress 121; ch. 6). In Ronald Otremba's point of view, it will be unethical to legalize euthanasia because life is valuable. The practice will also lead to the death of many others, for example, once one terminally ill patient requests euthanasia, the handicapped may follow, along with others who do not need it. According to Otremba, the value of life is based "on the principle that God is the sole creator of life and has sovereign authority over life and death" (21-23). The value of life should not be judged merely by the physical, emotional and social characteristics, but instead, on the whole as being a human and having life. Good judgment does not necessarily portray morality. In such a corrupt society, people think about themselves and not how they may harm or benefit society as a whole.
Legalizing euthanasia would not lead to involuntary killing. Defined in Euthanasia: moral and pastoral perspectives, Richard Gula states that involuntary euthanasia is killing a competent person for the purpose of relieving suffering without first obtaining their consent. With the proper safeguards in place, the abuse of legalized euthanasia can be prevented. The "slippery slope" argument is associated with Nazi Germany. Under the dictatorship of Adolph Hitler, many people were persecuted because of disabilities, the color of their skin or other stereotypes that would consider a person as not being "pure" for Hitler's society. In an essay by Gerald A. Larue, he states that the United States is a democracy and individuals are free, so the slippery slope pattern cannot develop in America. Human rights are protected, as long as "the government is of the people, for the people and by the people, and so long as the national ethic endorses the right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness for all citizens" (124-132; ch. 3).
Jack Kevorkian is a well known name associated with euthanasia and physician assisted suicide. Through his death machine called the "Mercitron," Jack Kevorkian has help to kill hundreds of patients. However, Torr stated that "Wesley J. Smith, a staunch euthanasia opponent, points out that 'approximately 80 percent of Kevorkian's victims were not terminally ill'" (85). This defeats the purpose of euthanasia, since it was meant to be for only those who are terminally ill. Such a case shows that the process can lead to abuses within society. Safeguards in preventing abuse might not be adequate enough. Euthanasia has been established in the Netherlands for some time, and it has moved from physician assisted suicide, to active euthanasia to involuntary killing (Torr 88).
Some terminally ill patients have tried to commit suicide. When unsuccessful, the patient can become more ill and try even harder, leading to violent attempts at times. With the help of a physician, the situation can be prevented. The Hippocratic Oath is the traditional vow made by most physicians. It states that physicians should "use treatment to help the sick, […] but never with a view to injury and wrongdoing" (Wekesser 100). The Oath also states that physicians should follow the method of treatment that would benefit the patient, based on his or her ability and judgment" (Bloyd 30). Patients depend on the advice and help of their physicians because they are the only ones who may be able to help them. Timothy Quill believes that the relationship between physicians and patients will improve if euthanasia is legalized (101; ch. 3). Terminally ill patients will feel better knowing that they have options available and if not in a total vegetative state (brain dead), they will be able to relate with medical professionals better also. At some point in time, some sick people often find it hard to take some of the prescribed medication, due to the method of taking it (for example, swallowing), or the high dosage (Bloyd 62). With the help of a doctor and euthanasia, a person may not have to go through all that torture and suffering. In helping a terminally ill patient, Timothy Quill proposed the following guidelines for doctors to follow:
First, the patient must, of his or her own accord, clearly and repeatedly request to die rather than continue suffering. Second, the patient's judgment must be clear. Third, the patient must have a condition that is incurable and associated with severe, unrelenting, unbearable, suffering. Fourth, the doctor must make sure that the patient's suffering and the request are not the result of inadequate treatment for pain, anxiety, and depression. And last, another doctor who is experienced in treating the pain, anxiety, and depression sometimes felt by the terminally ill should be consulted. (Bloyd 76)
These requirements would set a precedent as to whether euthanasia is being practiced for the right reasons; thus there would be no harm if it were to become legal. Physician, Ezekiel Emanuel points out that by doing the procedure over and over again, doctors would become more comfortable, and it would it help the purposeless lives of those suffering ("Whose Right to Die" 79).
Euthanasia is prohibited under the Hippocratic Oath in several ways. Even if the disease is formidable and the person is completely take over by the disease, the physician is still supposed to treat the patient. The Oath states that "I will not give poison to anyone though asked to do so, nor will I suggest such a plan" (Sulmasy 26; ch. 1). No matter how close a person may be to dying, physicians should not assist in their death. By taking one's life, physicians may be seen as "God" (Torr 47). Whereas some people think that the doctor-patient relationship may improve, the opposite might happen. Instead, the patient would be more afraid of the doctor, loosing their faith and trust in his/her practice, because the choice which he/she has given them, is death. The patient may not be ready to face such a challenge (Dougherty 70).
Hospice care is a program in which the dying person is cared for in the comfort of his or her home with family members and other caregivers providing support, care and counseling for the patient. Whereas in the hospital, the patient is only treated with drugs to cure pains, hospice provides everything else to ensure that a person's final days are well spent (Anderson 66-73). On the other hand, Vicki Brower argues that " hospices may not always provide the best care for the dying patients because of a lack of money, poor medical supervision, inadequate personal training and a rigid philosophy that compels people to "accept" death rather than embrace life" (74). Hospice is not for everyone. It may be a substitute to legalizing euthanasia, however, those that cannot benefit from such a program may want to have euthanasia as an option.
Each human being is different, therefore each death is unique in its own way. For some, the subject is very emotional, thus one's judgment is bias, but for others, they stand by their beliefs and morals, and not accepting change in the developing society. In conclusion, if euthanasia were to become legal, we would not know about the consequences or what problems would arise. However, if euthanasia remains as a debatable topic, we would not be able to face the challenges and deal with situations that would or would not have come up with such a topic.
You can order a high-quality custom essay, term paper, research paper, thesis, dissertation, speech, book report or book review from our professional custom writing service. We have employed more than 500 highly qualified Ph.D. and Master's academic writers to provide students with professional academic writing help. Feel free to contact our company right now!
According to Faye Girsh, the Hemlock Society and the majority of polled Americans believe that providing physician-assisted dying to a terminally patient who requests it, is a humane and compassionate option that should be legalized. She points out that it will be "cruel, even barbaric to make a suffering person, whose death is inevitable, live longer than he or she wishes." As part of their job, doctors are there to help all patients in any possible way. In the case with the terminally ill, only physicians can prescribe some medication to help with suffering, and in doing so, fulfil certain patients' wishes. A physician may also aid in the dying process, when prescribed substances cannot control suffering. The patient would also have a better state of mind, knowing that they have options when the pain becomes unbearable, instead of having "the anxiety of not knowing how much longer one would have to suffer and watch the family suffer," which also adds to the burden of the illness (69-76; ch. 2). With added stress and worrying about when the final day will come, a person may get more sick, and develop unnecessary symptoms. Kohl and Kurtz believe that "society has no genuine interest or need to preserve the terminally ill against their will and that the right to beneficent euthanasia, with proper procedural safeguards, can be protected against abuse (236).
On the other hand, many people believe that Euthanasia should not be legalized, for it will harm the society. Instead of terminally ill patients having a "right to die," they will see their illness as a burden to family members, which leads to their "duty to die" (Torr 72). As a result of euthanasia becoming legal, there would be many deaths of people who want to die, and even those who do not, but they were just told by the physician or a family member that that is the best available option. Not only would one individual be affected, but the society as a whole, because people may choose euthanasia even if they are not terminally ill, but instead have depression or some curable disease. In such a case, those are the people that need hospice care (where someone is on call for the patient at all times), not euthanasia, or an easy way out to committing suicide.
In many countries, Euthanasia is legal and accepted. Some of these countries include the Netherlands, Switzerland, Germany, Uruguay and Norway. Holland's policy may work for that country, but it may not be successful if applied to the United States. For the United States, the "New Oregon Death with Dignity Act" was passed in 1994, marking just a beginning. Derek Humphry argues that euthanasia is justifiable and ethical. A person should not be allowed to suffer if he or she does not want to. In the later days of the illness, a person may be given so much drugs to ease the pain that they loose consciousness, but their "quality of life" lowers, affecting loved ones around them (17-22; ch. 1). John Shelby Spong believes that, "We are aware that life can today be prolonged by managing pain with pain-killing drugs, but that relief is sometimes achieved at the price of the destruction of the patient's mind of the loss of the patient's capacity to relate to other human beings in a meaningful way." Every person has their individual rights, so they should also be granted that right of choosing their death, under the right state of mind (41, 44; ch. 1). Due to the advancement of medical technology, Spong also thinks that euthanasia does not violate Christian and other religious beliefs. Although the church could have taken a firm position on the topic in the past, the present brings about new changes and views. Due to the advances of modern medicine, God cannot only control death (The Ethics Of Euthanasia 30-34).
Although individuals may have the right to make decisions concerning the welfare of their lives, they had no control over their birth, therefore their death is not up to them. Based on Judea-Christians beliefs, one of the fundamental values includes not killing or taking the life of someone else, even voluntarily (Meilaender 31-33). Among the traditions that oppose euthanasia, the three main ones are Judaism, Roman Catholicism and Protestant (Childress 121; ch. 6). In Ronald Otremba's point of view, it will be unethical to legalize euthanasia because life is valuable. The practice will also lead to the death of many others, for example, once one terminally ill patient requests euthanasia, the handicapped may follow, along with others who do not need it. According to Otremba, the value of life is based "on the principle that God is the sole creator of life and has sovereign authority over life and death" (21-23). The value of life should not be judged merely by the physical, emotional and social characteristics, but instead, on the whole as being a human and having life. Good judgment does not necessarily portray morality. In such a corrupt society, people think about themselves and not how they may harm or benefit society as a whole.
Legalizing euthanasia would not lead to involuntary killing. Defined in Euthanasia: moral and pastoral perspectives, Richard Gula states that involuntary euthanasia is killing a competent person for the purpose of relieving suffering without first obtaining their consent. With the proper safeguards in place, the abuse of legalized euthanasia can be prevented. The "slippery slope" argument is associated with Nazi Germany. Under the dictatorship of Adolph Hitler, many people were persecuted because of disabilities, the color of their skin or other stereotypes that would consider a person as not being "pure" for Hitler's society. In an essay by Gerald A. Larue, he states that the United States is a democracy and individuals are free, so the slippery slope pattern cannot develop in America. Human rights are protected, as long as "the government is of the people, for the people and by the people, and so long as the national ethic endorses the right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness for all citizens" (124-132; ch. 3).
Jack Kevorkian is a well known name associated with euthanasia and physician assisted suicide. Through his death machine called the "Mercitron," Jack Kevorkian has help to kill hundreds of patients. However, Torr stated that "Wesley J. Smith, a staunch euthanasia opponent, points out that 'approximately 80 percent of Kevorkian's victims were not terminally ill'" (85). This defeats the purpose of euthanasia, since it was meant to be for only those who are terminally ill. Such a case shows that the process can lead to abuses within society. Safeguards in preventing abuse might not be adequate enough. Euthanasia has been established in the Netherlands for some time, and it has moved from physician assisted suicide, to active euthanasia to involuntary killing (Torr 88).
Some terminally ill patients have tried to commit suicide. When unsuccessful, the patient can become more ill and try even harder, leading to violent attempts at times. With the help of a physician, the situation can be prevented. The Hippocratic Oath is the traditional vow made by most physicians. It states that physicians should "use treatment to help the sick, […] but never with a view to injury and wrongdoing" (Wekesser 100). The Oath also states that physicians should follow the method of treatment that would benefit the patient, based on his or her ability and judgment" (Bloyd 30). Patients depend on the advice and help of their physicians because they are the only ones who may be able to help them. Timothy Quill believes that the relationship between physicians and patients will improve if euthanasia is legalized (101; ch. 3). Terminally ill patients will feel better knowing that they have options available and if not in a total vegetative state (brain dead), they will be able to relate with medical professionals better also. At some point in time, some sick people often find it hard to take some of the prescribed medication, due to the method of taking it (for example, swallowing), or the high dosage (Bloyd 62). With the help of a doctor and euthanasia, a person may not have to go through all that torture and suffering. In helping a terminally ill patient, Timothy Quill proposed the following guidelines for doctors to follow:
First, the patient must, of his or her own accord, clearly and repeatedly request to die rather than continue suffering. Second, the patient's judgment must be clear. Third, the patient must have a condition that is incurable and associated with severe, unrelenting, unbearable, suffering. Fourth, the doctor must make sure that the patient's suffering and the request are not the result of inadequate treatment for pain, anxiety, and depression. And last, another doctor who is experienced in treating the pain, anxiety, and depression sometimes felt by the terminally ill should be consulted. (Bloyd 76)
These requirements would set a precedent as to whether euthanasia is being practiced for the right reasons; thus there would be no harm if it were to become legal. Physician, Ezekiel Emanuel points out that by doing the procedure over and over again, doctors would become more comfortable, and it would it help the purposeless lives of those suffering ("Whose Right to Die" 79).
Euthanasia is prohibited under the Hippocratic Oath in several ways. Even if the disease is formidable and the person is completely take over by the disease, the physician is still supposed to treat the patient. The Oath states that "I will not give poison to anyone though asked to do so, nor will I suggest such a plan" (Sulmasy 26; ch. 1). No matter how close a person may be to dying, physicians should not assist in their death. By taking one's life, physicians may be seen as "God" (Torr 47). Whereas some people think that the doctor-patient relationship may improve, the opposite might happen. Instead, the patient would be more afraid of the doctor, loosing their faith and trust in his/her practice, because the choice which he/she has given them, is death. The patient may not be ready to face such a challenge (Dougherty 70).
Hospice care is a program in which the dying person is cared for in the comfort of his or her home with family members and other caregivers providing support, care and counseling for the patient. Whereas in the hospital, the patient is only treated with drugs to cure pains, hospice provides everything else to ensure that a person's final days are well spent (Anderson 66-73). On the other hand, Vicki Brower argues that " hospices may not always provide the best care for the dying patients because of a lack of money, poor medical supervision, inadequate personal training and a rigid philosophy that compels people to "accept" death rather than embrace life" (74). Hospice is not for everyone. It may be a substitute to legalizing euthanasia, however, those that cannot benefit from such a program may want to have euthanasia as an option.
Each human being is different, therefore each death is unique in its own way. For some, the subject is very emotional, thus one's judgment is bias, but for others, they stand by their beliefs and morals, and not accepting change in the developing society. In conclusion, if euthanasia were to become legal, we would not know about the consequences or what problems would arise. However, if euthanasia remains as a debatable topic, we would not be able to face the challenges and deal with situations that would or would not have come up with such a topic.
You can order a high-quality custom essay, term paper, research paper, thesis, dissertation, speech, book report or book review from our professional custom writing service. We have employed more than 500 highly qualified Ph.D. and Master's academic writers to provide students with professional academic writing help. Feel free to contact our company right now!
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Some students are actually independent young people who write their homework papers on their own sitting in the libraries, studying different documents and reading necessary literature needed to prepare their homework. Other students are fond of ordering homework papers from various companies and services on the web.
Student is often looking for custom homework writing companies which could provide him/her with homework writing help in such disciplines as English, Business, Law, Marketing, Management, Medicine, Nursing, Psychology, Philosophy, Sociology, Religion, Theology, Economics, History, Literature, Education, Teaching, Geography, Geology, Anthropology, Chemistry, Biology, Physics, Mathematics, Criminology, Astronomy, Women studies, Consumer studies, Media studies, Tourism, Environmental studies, Asian studies, Diplomacy and Political science, Computer science, Art, Architecture, Archaeology, Sports, Music etc, for all levels of education such as School, High School, College or University.
Of course everybody wants to find a reliable homework helper for writing his/her essay, term paper, research paper, thesis, book report or speech as a homework assignment. To find a trustworthy homework helper in the Internet you may face a little problem in choosing the best homework helper for writing your paper online.
After deep investigation of custom homework writing companies on the Internet market I made a conclusion that such online homework helpers as CustomWritings.com and CustomWritingService.com are committed to provide students with custom written homework papers of premium quality. All home works are written from scratch by professional academic writers (from the US, UK, Canada and Australia) who are well-experienced in more than 100 disciplines and deadline-oriented to deliver homework papers strictly according to your deadline (4, 8, 10, 12, 14, 18, 20, 24, 48 hours or more) and in the citation style you need: MLA, APA, Chicago, Turabian or Harvard.
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But not everybody writes academic papers personally. Sometimes student feels lazy to prepare his/her research paper and complete it on time, moreover, to get a good grade for it. Writing research papers, for instance, requires a lot of time, patience, diligence and knowledge. Of course students want to spend his time in libraries looking for necessary materials for writing his own research on a required research paper topic. It's better for him go for a beer with friends or hang up somewhere in the nightclub.
Consequently, they fail their course. For those who are not indifferent for education and want to get high grades for their research papers there are a lot of professional custom research paper writing services were created to provide students with custom research papers for sale.
Offering custom written research papers for sale online research paper companies have the goal: to help students with writing research papers and to make their life easier. The companies like these hire professional research paper writers who are experienced and deadline-oriented in writing research papers on any topic and for any academic level (School, High School, College, University or Master's level). There are a lot of disciplines which students study (English, Business, Law, Marketing, Management, Medicine, Nursing, Psychology, Philosophy, Sociology, Religion, Theology, Economics, History, Literature, Education, Teaching, Geography, Geology, Anthropology, Chemistry, Biology, Physics, Mathematics, Criminology, Astronomy, Women studies, Consumer studies, Media studies, Tourism, Environmental studies, Asian studies, Diplomacy and Political science, Computer science, Art, Architecture, Archaeology, Sports, Music etc) that's why as usual the academic writers are arranged according to the subjects and field of studies which they are good at writing.
Custom research papers for sale provided by the best research paper companies are of high quality, non-plagiarized and written in accordance with customer's research paper instructions.
The research paper agencies sell research papers not only for commercial benefits but also to help young people write research papers online.
Among the best custom research paper writing services one should underline the following companies. CustomWritings.com – premium custom writing company that provides students with high-quality custom essays, term papers, theses, dissertations, book reports, book reviews, speeches and research papers for sale. It was established in 2003. It is one of the first custom writing companies on the market. And CustomWritingService.com, comparatively new custom writing service but since 2005 has already helped more than 4000 customers with their research papers from all over the world.
If you are in search of customized research papers for sale, if you haven't found yet an appropriate custom research paper writing service - be sure these 2 recommended custom writing companies won't disappoint you. Order a custom research paper now.
But not everybody writes academic papers personally. Sometimes student feels lazy to prepare his/her research paper and complete it on time, moreover, to get a good grade for it. Writing research papers, for instance, requires a lot of time, patience, diligence and knowledge. Of course students want to spend his time in libraries looking for necessary materials for writing his own research on a required research paper topic. It's better for him go for a beer with friends or hang up somewhere in the nightclub.
Consequently, they fail their course. For those who are not indifferent for education and want to get high grades for their research papers there are a lot of professional custom research paper writing services were created to provide students with custom research papers for sale.
Offering custom written research papers for sale online research paper companies have the goal: to help students with writing research papers and to make their life easier. The companies like these hire professional research paper writers who are experienced and deadline-oriented in writing research papers on any topic and for any academic level (School, High School, College, University or Master's level). There are a lot of disciplines which students study (English, Business, Law, Marketing, Management, Medicine, Nursing, Psychology, Philosophy, Sociology, Religion, Theology, Economics, History, Literature, Education, Teaching, Geography, Geology, Anthropology, Chemistry, Biology, Physics, Mathematics, Criminology, Astronomy, Women studies, Consumer studies, Media studies, Tourism, Environmental studies, Asian studies, Diplomacy and Political science, Computer science, Art, Architecture, Archaeology, Sports, Music etc) that's why as usual the academic writers are arranged according to the subjects and field of studies which they are good at writing.
Custom research papers for sale provided by the best research paper companies are of high quality, non-plagiarized and written in accordance with customer's research paper instructions.
The research paper agencies sell research papers not only for commercial benefits but also to help young people write research papers online.
Among the best custom research paper writing services one should underline the following companies. CustomWritings.com – premium custom writing company that provides students with high-quality custom essays, term papers, theses, dissertations, book reports, book reviews, speeches and research papers for sale. It was established in 2003. It is one of the first custom writing companies on the market. And CustomWritingService.com, comparatively new custom writing service but since 2005 has already helped more than 4000 customers with their research papers from all over the world.
If you are in search of customized research papers for sale, if you haven't found yet an appropriate custom research paper writing service - be sure these 2 recommended custom writing companies won't disappoint you. Order a custom research paper now.
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